Understanding the Figure 4 Test for Knee and Hip Pain

The figure 4 test, also called the FABER test or Patrick test, is a commonly used examination to evaluate pain and discomfort in the hip, knee, and surrounding structures. It helps clinicians determine whether pain originates from the hip joint, sacroiliac joint, or nearby muscles and ligaments.

How the Test is Performed

During the procedure, the patient lies flat on their back. One leg remains straight while the other leg is bent, with the ankle resting on the opposite thigh, forming a "figure 4" shape. The examiner gently presses down on the bent knee while stabilizing the opposite hip. This motion stretches the hip joint and surrounding tissues, allowing the clinician to observe for pain or limitations in movement.

Interpreting Results

If pain occurs during the test, it may suggest:

• Hip joint dysfunction: Conditions such as arthritis or labral tears may be indicated.
• Sacroiliac joint issues: Discomfort may signal inflammation or misalignment in the sacroiliac joint.
• Muscle or ligament strain: Tightness or injury in surrounding muscles and soft tissues may also cause pain.

The figure 4 test helps differentiate hip-related pain from issues stemming from the lower back or knee, providing valuable guidance for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Why It Matters

This simple yet effective assessment gives healthcare professionals insight into joint mobility, flexibility, and potential sources of pain. When combined with other tests and patient history, it can lead to more accurate diagnoses and better-targeted treatments for hip and knee discomfort.